Hepatitis A

The most common water-borne illness; Vaccination should be administered one month prior to departure. It is recommended for travel outside U.S., Canada, Western Europe and Australia.

Hepatitis B

Prevalent throughout Africa, Asia, the Middle East and in parts of Europe and South America; Vaccination is recommended for all travelers who will be having close contact with indigenous populations or who are likely to seek medical or dental treatment in local facilities.

Polio

Outbreaks continue to be a problem in Africa, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia. All adults traveling to these endemic areas need a polio booster.

Malaria

Widespread across the tropical and subtropical areas of the world, it is recommended that oral prophylaxis be started one week prior to departure and continued during travel and up to one month after leaving endemic areas.

Diphtheria and Tetanus

Now combined with pertussis, the Center for Disease Control recommends this booster vaccine at ten-year intervals for everyone, travelers and non-travelers alike.

Yellow Fever

 A live vaccine, protection from yellow fever is required for parts of Africa, South America and Asia. A certificate of vaccination, which the traveler should carry along with his or her passport, is often required when entering a country from another country where yellow fever is endemic.

Rabies

A uniformly fatal disease if untreated, prophylactic vaccination is only recommended for those travelers entering endemic rural areas where medical assistance is not readily available.

Japanese Encephalitis

An uncommon but serious illness which occurs sporadically throughout Asia; vaccination is recommended for stays of longer than one month in rural areas during and just after rainy season.

Measles

Because infants and children traveling internationally are at increased risk of exposure to measles, earlier vaccination with first and second doses is recommended.

Meningitis

Recommended for endemic areas of Sub-Saharan Africa; Saudi Arabia requires the vaccination for all visitors traveling to Mecca during the Haj.

Typhoid Fever

A water and food-borne illness, risk is greatest in developing countries of Asia, Africa, Central and South America and the Caribbean. Vaccination is particularly recommended for those who will be traveling outside main cities. Because none of the available typhoid vaccines is 100% affective, typhoid vaccination is not a substitute for careful selection of food and drink.

Influenza

Vaccination especially important given projections of worldwide epidemic.

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